Dental stem cells in intraoral regenerative therapy: a systematic review / Células-tronco dentárias na terapia regenerativa intraoral: uma revisão sistemática

Objective: 1) To critically review the published literature on applications of dental stem cells in the regeneration of intraoral tissues. 2) To provide an evidence-based level on research regarding application of dental stem cells in intraoral tissues regeneration. Methodology: This systematic review is conducted as per the JBI guidelines and reported as per the PRISMA. An initial literature search of papers published between 2004 and 2018 yielded 421 manuscripts. Nineteen studies satisfied the inclusion / exclusion criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis. Studies were categorized as animal (11) and human (8) trials. Five independent reviewers critically assessed the included studies. Risk of bias was assessed using SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) bias risk tool, robins-I tool for non-randomised clinical trial and Cochrane Collaboration's Tool for randomised clinical trial. Evidence levels were assessed based on JBI Criteria. Results: Animal trials mainly focused on periodontal regeneration. A high or unclear Risk of bias was more commonly found amongst animal studies. Laboratory, clinical and radiographic evaluation were used to assess the outcome. A total of Eight Human studies were conducted on a total samples size of 153 upon a wide age ranging from seven years to 60 years. Nearly 70% of the human studies used DPSC for regenerating alveolar bone defects. Conclusion: Appropriate well designed double-blind randomized clinical trials of longer duration are yet to be performed. Evidence for the included studies were 1C and 1D as per the JBI Criteria. Stem cell therapy demonstrated promising results in Periodontal tissue and alveolar bone regeneration. However, the number of studies to claim such a benefit are very limited (AU)

Objetivo: 1) Revisar criticamente a literatura publicada sobre aplicações de células-tronco dentárias na regeneração de tecidos intraorais. 2) Fornecer um nível baseado em evidências sobre pesquisas relacionadas à aplicação de células-tronco dentárias na regeneração de tecidos intraorais. Metodologia: Esta revisão sistemática é conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes do JBI e relatada de acordo com o PRISMA. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica inicial de artigos publicados entre 2004 e 2018 resultou em 421 manuscritos. Dezenove estudos satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão / exclusão e foram incluídos para síntese qualitativa. Os estudos foram categorizados como ensaios em animais (11) e humanos (8). Cinco revisores independentes avaliaram criticamente os estudos incluídos. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando a ferramenta de risco de viés do Centro de Revisão Sistemática para Experimentação com Animais de Laboratório (SYRCLE), a ferramenta robins-I para ensaios clínicos não randomizados e a Ferramenta da Colaboração Cochrane para ensaios clínicos randomizados. Os níveis de evidência foram avaliados com base nos critérios JBI. Resultados: Os ensaios em animais focaram principalmente na regeneração periodontal. Um risco alto ou pouco claro de viés foi mais comumente encontrado entre os estudos com animais. Avaliações laboratorial, clínica e radiográfica foram utilizadas para avaliar o resultado. Um total de oito estudos em humanos foram conduzidos em um tamanho total de amostras de 153 com ampla faixa etária, variando de sete a 60 anos. Quase 70% dos estudos em humanos usaram DPSC para regeneração de defeitos ósseos alveolares. Conclusão: Ensaios clínicos randomizados duplo-cegos apropriados e bem elaborados de maior duração ainda precisam ser realizados. As evidências para os estudos incluídos foram 1C e 1D de acordo com os critérios JBI. A terapia com células-tronco demonstrou resultados promissores na regeneração do tecido periodontal e do osso alveolar. No entanto, o número de estudos para reivindicar tal benefício é muito limitado (AU)

Orofacial conditions and their relation to the sense of coherence among participants afflicted with leprosy in West Bengal State: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: About 4 million people are disabled by leprosy. Eighty-six percent of leprosy patients reside in Southeast Asia and Brazil. India accounts for up to 70% of total cases. In India, it is highest in West Bengal, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the quality of life in terms of sense of coherence (SOC) among patients afflicted with leprosy in the state of West Bengal (located in eastern India on the Bay of Bengal). Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study was conducted among estimated sample size of 350 participants who were afflicted with leprosy drawn from across the state of West Bengal, India. Data were collected on a specially designed pro forma. Results: Most of the participants afflicted with leprosy were in the age group of 40–77 years, and there was predominance of males, with most of them belonging to the upper-lower socioeconomic class. On evaluating the incidence of extraoral lesions through ranking, facial nodules and facial spots were highest 182 (52%), while among intraoral lesions such as melanin pigmentation 176 (50%) and inflammatory papillary hyperplasia 150 (42.8%), was seen in greater fraction. The results of bivariate analysis between SOC and variables under investigation show that majority of the cases, i.e., 258 (47.14%) revealed the SOC interpretation as “poor.” Statistical analysis showed significant difference in relation to age (P ≤ 0001) and socioeconomic status (P = 0.053) of participants. Conclusions: We conclude that 52% of the population were having facial nodules and facial spots and 50.2% of the population had intraoral manifestation such as melanin pigmentation. Analysis of SOC revealed that majority of the cases were interpreted as “poor.”

Orofacial injuries and use of protective wear among field hockey players of Coorg District, Karnataka, India – A KAP Study

Traumatic orofacial injuries are frequent among hockey players, often causing aesthetic, functional, psychological, and economic problems. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and distribution of orofacial injuries and to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices toward the use of protective wear as perceived among hockey players of Coorg district. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 281 field hockey players of Coorg district, Karnataka, India. Data were collected using a specially designed self-administered, pretested questionnaire containing a set of 19 statements. Chi-square test was performed to assess statistical significance among the variables studied. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 32.7 ± 4.3 years, and majority of them were semi-professional hockey players (46.6%) with an experience of 5–10 years (41.3%) of playing hockey and having at least a graduate qualification (65.5%). A total of 79% of the players reported to have been injured at least once in the past 1 year, of which orofacial injuries accounted for 33.8% of the injuries. Majority of the players had a fair Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) score toward the use of protective wear (63.7%). Although 37.7% of the players had good knowledge, it translated to a favorable attitude among 24.1% of the players and favorable practice among 11.7% players. Professional hockey players had a positive association with KAP scores (P < 0.00), whereas experience was found to be negatively associated with KAP scores (P < 0.03). Conclusion: The majority of players had moderate knowledge about the importance of protective wear in preventing orofacial injuries, but their attitude and practices toward the same were relatively poor.

Comprehensive dental health care program at an orphanage in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh.

Background: Provision of oral health care in India, especially for the underprivileged is limited due to inadequate finances and manpower. Resources of dental colleges in such a scenario can be utilized to provide prevention oriented oral health care. Aim: To improve the oral health status of children at an institute in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India, through prevention based comprehensive dental health care program (CDHP). Design and Setting: A longitudinal institution based interventional study conducted among the primary grade children (n=162). Materials and Methods: Baseline data collection included (i) basic demographic data (ii) body mass index (BMI) (iii) assessment of the dentition status and treatment needs according to WHO 1997 criteria. The CDHP included group based dental health education, professional oral prophylaxis, weekly (0.2%) sodium fluoride mouth rinse program, biannual application of topical fluoride (1.23% APF), pit and fissure sealants for all first permanent molars and provision of all necessary curative services. Results: Mean treatment requirements per child decreased at 18 months. New caries lesions developed among four children. BMI of children with decay was seen to improve significantly after instituting the CDHP. Conclusion: CDHP is effective in overall improvement of general and oral health. In resource limited countries like India, such programs organized by dental schools can improve oral health.

Perceived Sources of Stress Among Dental Students In South India.

Introduction:Stress in dental students may be multifactorial, arising from both the academic and socio-cultural environment, and attributable to social support issues. The intensity of the bachelor of dental surgery curriculum requires enormous commitment and hard work by students which may produce stress on them. This study was conducted with an aim to investigate perceived sources of stress among dental students in South India. Methods: A modified version of the Dental Environment Stress questionnaire was used to measure sources of stress. Results: A total of 343 of the 369 registered undergraduate students participated in the study with an overall response rate of 92.9%. Among them, 167 (48.6%) were males and 176 (51.3%) were females. Mean age of the total sample was 20.19 (1.5) years. Examinations were perceived to be the highest sources of stress followed by fear of unemployment after graduation and fear of failing the year. Conclusion: Stress levels were slight to moderate and were higher amongst senior students. Students during clinical training period exhibited higher levels of stress. Overall third years were the most stressed followed by fourth years, second years and first years.